Please be aware that the Test will include many of these questions (with some possible reformatting).  If you go through the Chapter with these questions in mind, and study the concepts related to these topics, you should do well.  Your Chapter notes and the terms at the end of the chapter are due on the test day.

Characteristics obtained directly from genes are referred to _____________.

Smiling in a newborn can be regarded as a product of (nature) (nuture).

Things that are learned are regarded as a product of (nature) (nuture).

The source of many skills of children primarily are a product of:

(a)  heredity only

(b)  environment only

(c)  a unique combination of both heredity and environment

(d)  neither

T/F  Development within a species and across species is random and can not be specifically predicted.

T/F  Development occurs along a set rigid timetable.

Development is longer for humans than another species because:

(a)  humans have the most elaborate dietary requirements

(b)  humans have the most complex brains

(c)  humans have the longevity to allow slow maturation

(d)  both c and d

Some reflexes disappear as babies mature.  Why?

Name a developmental activity that a child between the ages of 9 and 15 months is preprogrammed to do.

T/F  Development takes place along a somewhat flexible timetable but a rigid and specific order of events.

Define maturation (without using a form of the word “mature”).

T/F  Stimulation can influence developmental timetables but not the pattern of sequence.

Periods in development that allow only specific types of skills to be learned are referred to as _______________.

Feral children have the greatest deficits in:

(a)  physical growth

(b)  social, emotional and learning skills

(c)  logical reasoning and higher order thinking

(d)  analytical thinking and abstract reasoning

A monozygotic twin is a

(a)  fraternal twin

(b)  identical twin

(c)  a twin who did not survive birth

(d)  twins who were raised separately

T/F  A nuclear family includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins.

T/F  An extended family includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins.

The most important thing that determines whether a child is negatively impacted by a mother that works outside the home is:

(a)  how much time she spends at work

(b)  whether the father is available for baby-sitting

(c)  the quality of alternative childcare

(d)  whether the child feels loved, supported and cared for

Learning a foreign language is best done by the age of  ____.

Name the three styles of parenting and describe one characteristic of each.

Permissive parenting may result in children who:

(a)  have high self-confidence

(b)  have high self-esteem

(c)  have low ability to cope and cooperate with others

(d)  have high self-discipline

Name the parenting style in which parents set rigid rules and demand obedience and compliance.

Name a parenting style in which parents allow children to do as they please.

Name a parenting style in which parents make and enforce rules but they are interested in the child’s well-being and point of view.

T/F All parenting approaches and techniques work equally well with all children.

T/F Physical punishment does not always help the child learn right from wrong.

Name 3 conditions that increase the likelihood that child abuse will occur.

T/F  Separation anxiety is fairly normal for children between 12 months to 18 months of age.

Single-parent families are more commonly found in (urban/rural) areas.

T/F By about the age of 8, early childhood fears and nightmares have gradually disappeared.

Name one social change that has directly affected the structure of the American family.

T/F Children with close social bonds with their fathers are generally more confident and have better coping skills.

Name the theory of development that focuses on how a child’s thinking and reasoning changes throughout maturation.

Piaget divided his theory of development into _________ stages.

In the sensorimotor stage of Piaget’s theory of development, the child spends time on 2 activities.  What are these?

At the later stage of Piaget’s sensormimotor period connections are made between mental images and ____________.

T/F  In the sensorimotor stage of Piaget’s theory of development, the child has formed the concept of object permanence.

In Piaget’s theory of development, which stage characterizes an awareness of “object permanence”.

 During the Preoperations stage of Piaget’s theory of development, the child does not yet see things from another’s point of view.  Related to this, the child cannot yet understand the concept of __________________.

A teacher shows a 5-year old 2 containers:  one is a tall narrow bottle and the other, a flat, wide dish.  The teacher pours a fixed amount  of water from the bottle into the dish.  The child, confused, wonders where some of the water went.  The child is probably in what stage of Piaget’s theory of development.

The stage of Piaget’s system that characterizes: a realization that the world has become fixed and real, that separate objects are different and that other people have different viewpoints is referred to as the ________________stage.  This stage typically occurs between 7 and 11 years of age. 

This stage of Piaget’s system of development appears after about age 11 years, and characterizes the ability to deal with highly symbolic thoughts and abstractions.

A basic principle of    (cognitive)    (moral)  development is that it advances from the simpler to the more complex.

Name the theory of development that focuses on the ideas about right and wrong.

What is the major difference between Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning and Piaget’s cognitive stages of development?

In the preconventional stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, the child is focused on

(a)  expectations of others

(b)  others opinion’s and approval

(c)  reward or punishment

(d)  intentions

Law and Order is a stage of what level of Kohlberg’s Moral Development?

A very small percentage of the population reaches this level of Kohlberg’s Moral Development model.

____________________ criticized Kohlberg’s theory saying that his model was based on subjects that were all males

T/F  Language involves a maturational process based on inborn capabilities.

Young toddlers, ages 12 – 18 months, often become upset when their parents leave the home for work.  This emotional upset is known as ________________.